Antimicrobial products are
regulated by one of three government agencies depending on their intended
use. Antimicrobials used on floors, shower stalls, countertops, etc., are
regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).Antimicrobials used on surfaces
that have intimate human contact (such as surgical equipment) are used to
control skin diseases and disinfect drinking glasses, milking equipment,
etc. They are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Antimicrobials used to sanitize
hands of workers in slaughter houses are regulated by the U.S. Department
of Agriculture.Antimicrobial products should not be confused with agricultural pesticides. The latter are widely spread on fields and growing crops. They control primarily insects, weeds and plant diseases.
Antimicrobials have a much
more restricted use and are generally not used outdoors.The regulation of antimicrobial products by the federal government is thorough and encompassing. For instance, antimicrobials regulated by EPA must submit a product label and data on chemistry, toxicology and efficacy and obtain an EPA registration prior to marketing an antimicrobial product.
The label contains a list
of the active ingredients, directions for product use, and precautionary
and handling information. Once the data and label are reviewed and accepted,
the product may be marketed. Among other things, the decision to register
a product is based on whether that product will perform its intended function
without causing adverse effects on the environment.The mixture of active and
inert ingredients is called the formulation. The EPA regulates both the
active ingredient and the formulation. Some formulations are ready to use
as purchased. Others must be diluted with water.The label provides directions
for the use of each formulation. Many antimicrobial products can be used
for more than one purpose, so label directions should be followed carefully.
Each use may require a different concentration; therefore, care should be
taken when preparing the solution.
